TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. DEFINITIONS:
"Vessel" means the intended Ocean Vessel named on the front hereof and any
vessel, craft, lighter
or
other means of conveyance which is or shall be substituted in whole or in
part by the Carrier and
also
includes any other Vessels onto which Goods may be loaded for the purpose of
being transported
thereon
in furtherance of the carriage covered by this Bill of Lading or any part
thereof.
“Carrier” means Price Break Shipping,
acting as a non-vessel operating
common carrier, as defined
under
the Shipping Act of 1984,
46 App. U.S.C. § 1702(17)(B).
"Merchant" includes any Person who at any time,
in relation to the Goods, has been or becomes the shipper,
consignor,
consignee, exporter, importer, the holder of the Bill of Lading and/or the
receiver or the owner of the Goods,
any
person entitled to possession of the Goods, any Person having a present or
future interest in the
Goods or any Person acting on behalf of any of the above-mentioned Persons,
including a Factor.
"Container" includes container, flat, pallet and any other receptacle for
Goods
(excluding
a ship, a rail or road vehicle or an aircraft but including a trailer towed
or
intended to be towed by a road vehicle) supplied or intended to be supplied
by or on behalf of the carrier or the carriage of cargo.
"Charges" includes freight, demurrage, and all expenses and monetary
obligations incurred and payable by the Merchant.
"Package" is the largest individual unit of partially or completely covered
or contained cargo made up
by
or for the Merchant which is delivered and entrusted to Carrier, including
palletized units and each container
packed
and sealed by the Merchant or on its behalf, although the Merchant may have
furnished a description of the contents of such sealed container(s) on this
bill of lading.
"Place of Receipt", "Intended Port of Loading", "Intended Port of Discharge"
and "In tended Place of Delivery", means
respectively the place of receipt, port of loading (ocean vessel), port of
discharge (ocean vessel) and place of delivery nominated on the front
hereof.
The
term "Goods" means the whole or any part of the cargo described on the fact
of this Bill of Lading and, if the cargo is packed into container(s)
supplied or furnished by or on behalf of the Merchant, includes the
container(s) as well.
2. CLAUSE PARAMOUNT:
A. To and From
non-United States Ports.
As far as this Bill of Lading covers the Carriage of Goods by sea to and
from
non-United
States ports by the Carrier and any Participating Carrier, the Contract
evidenced in this Bill of Lading
shall
have effect subject to the Hague-Visby Rules, if and as enacted in the
country of shipment and any
legislation
making those Rules compulsorily applicable to this Bill of Lading shall be
deemed incorporated
herein
and made part of this Bill of Lading contract. When no such enactment is in
force in the country of shipment,
the
Hague-Visby Rules will apply. The Hague-Visby Rules shall also govern before
the Goods are loaded on and
after
they are discharged from the vessel and throughout the entire time the Goods
are in the actual custody
of
the Carrier or Participating Carrier. The Hague-Visby Rules shall also apply
to the Carriage of Goods by inland
waterways
and reference to carriage by sea in such Rules or legislation shall be
deemed to include reference to inland waterways.
B.
To or From United States Ports.
If the Carriage called for in this Bill of Lading is a shipment to or from
the
United States, the liability of the Carrier shall be exclusively determined
pursuant to COGSA;
the
Pomerene
Act [49 U.S.C. §80101 et. seq.] for both export and import cargo moving
to/from the United States;
and
Article 7-301 of the Uniform Commercial Code. The provisions cited in
the Hague Rules and COGSA
shall
also govern before the Goods are loaded on and after they are discharged
from the Vessel and throughout
the
entire time the Goods are in the actual custody of the Carrier or
Participating Carrier.
C. Other Applicable Laws.
The Carrier shall be entitled to (and nothing in this Bill of Lading shall
operate
to
deprive or limit such entitlement) the full benefit of, and rights to, all
limitation of and exclusions from liability
and
all rights conferred or authorized by any applicable law, statute or
regulation of any country
(including,
but not limited to, where applicable any provisions or sections 4281 to
4287, inclusive,
of
the Harter Act of the United States of America and amendments thereto and
where applicable
any
provisions of the laws of the United States of America) and without
prejudice to the generality of the
foregoing
also any law, statute of regulation available to the Owner of the vessel on
which the Goods are carried.
3. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY:
Insofar as loss of or damage to or in connection with the Goods is caused
during
the
part of the custody or carriage, such compensation shall be calculated as
follows:
A.
Where the Hague-Visby Rules apply hereunder by national law by virtue of
clause 2, the Carrier’s liability shall in
no
event exceed the amounts provided in the applicable national law.
B.
Where Carriage includes Carriage to, from or through a port in the United
States of America and US COGSA
applies
by virtue of clauses 2, Carrier shall not in any event be or become liable
in an amount exceeding US$500 per Package
or
customary freight unit.
C.
Where the British International Freight Association (BIFA) rules apply by
virtue of clauses 2, Carrier’s compensation
shall
not exceed the limitation of liability of 2 SDR per kilo of the gross weight
of any Goods lost or damaged by reference
to
the invoice value of the Goods plus Freight and insurance if paid. If there
is no invoice value of the Goods or if any
such
invoice is not bona fide, such compensation shall be calculated by reference
to the value of such Goods at the place
and
time they are delivered or should have been delivered to the Merchant. The
value of the Goods shall be fixed
according
to the current market price, by reference to the normal value of goods of
the same kind and/or quality.
D. In the event Merchant
declines to procure insurance, Carrier shall not be responsible for the
value of the goods
damaged
and Merchant shall recover only $500.00 per container.
IF NO LIMITATION AMOUNT IS APPLICABLE UNDER ANY OF THE ABOVE RULES OR
LEGISLATION,
THE LIMITATION SHALL BE US$500 PER PACKAGE OR CUSTOMARY FREIGHT UNIT.
4. CARRIER'S RESPONSIBILITY:
A. PORT TO PORT SHIPMENT:
Except as otherwise provided herein, the Carrier's responsibility for Goods
shall
commence
at the time when such Goods are received by the Carrier at the Port of
Loading and shall terminate
when
such Goods are delivered by or on behalf of the Carrier at the intended Port
of Discharge. Notwithstanding
the
above where the Space(s) entitled "Place of Receipt" and/or "Place of
Delivery" on the face hereof are
completed,
the contract contained in or evidenced by this Bill of Lading is for through
transportation from and/or to the place(s)
so
named and the Carrier's responsibility shall then commence at the time when
the Goods are delivered at
the
Place of Delivery so named (if any) and/or terminate when the Goods are
delivered at the Place of Delivery so named
(if
any). The Merchant constitutes the Carrier as agent to enter into contracts
on behalf of the Merchant with other
for
transport, storage, handling or any other services in respect of the Goods
prior to loading and subsequent to discharge
of
the Goods from the vessel without responsibility for any act or omission
whatsoever on the part of the Carrier or
others
and the Carrier may as such agent, enter into contracts with other on any
terms whatsoever including terms less
favorable
than the terms in this Bill of Lading.
B. COMBINED TRANSPORT:
Except as otherwise provided in this Bill of Lading, the Carrier shall be
liable for loss
of
or damage to the Goods occurring from the time that the Goods are taken into
his charge until the time of delivery
to
the extent set out below:
(1) Where the stage of Carriage
where the loss or damage occurred cannot be proved:
(I) The Carrier shall be entitled to rely upon all exclusions of liability
under the rules or legislation that would have
applied
under 5(A)(a) above had the loss or damage occurred at sea or, if there was
no carriage by sea, under the Hague Rules (or COGSA).
(II) Where under (1) above, the Carrier is not liable in respect of some of
the factors causing the loss or damage
, it shall only be liable to the extent that those factors for which it is
liable have contributed to the loss or damage.
(III) Where the Hague Rules (or any legislation applying such rules or
Hague-Visby Rules such as COGSA)
is
not compulsorily applicable the Carrier’s liability shall not exceed US
$2.00 per kilo of the gross weight of the
Goods lost, damaged or in respect of which the claim arises or the value of
such Goods, whichever is the lesser.
(IV) The value of the Goods shall be determined according to the commodity
exchange price at the place and time
of
delivery to the Merchant or at the place and time when they should have been
so delivered, or, if there is
no
such price, according to the current market price be reference to the normal
value of the Goods of the same
kind
and quality, at such place and time.
(2) Where the stage of Carriage
where the loss or damage occurred can be proved:
(I) The liability of the Carrier shall be determined by the provisions
contained in any international convention
of
national law of the country which provisions,
(II) cannot be departed from by private contract
to the detriment of the Merchant (III) would have applied if the
Merchant had made a separate and direct contract with the Carrier in respect
of the particular stage of Carriage
where
the loss or damage occurred and had received as evidence thereof any
particular document must be
issued
in order to make such international convention or national law applicable,
and,
(IV) where neither (I) or (II) above shall apply
any liability or the Carrier shall be determined by 5(C)(a) above.
C. DELAY, CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS:
Except as otherwise provided herein, the Carrier shall in no
circumstances
be liable for direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage by delay or
any other cause
whatsoever
and howsoever caused. Without prejudice to the foregoing, if the Carrier is
found liable for
delay,
liability shall be limited to the freight applicable to the relevant stage
of the transport.
D. AD VALOREM DECLARED VALUE OF PACKAGES OR SHIPPING UNIT:
The Carrier’s liability may be
increased
to higher value by a declaration in writing of the value of the Goods by the
Merchant upon
delivery
to the Carrier of the Goods for shipment. Such higher value being inserted
on the front of this Bill
of
Lading in the space provided for and, if required by the Carrier, extra
freight paid in such case. If the actual
value
of the Goods shall exceed such declared value, the value shall nevertheless
be deemed to be the declared
value
and the Carrier’s liability, if any, shall not exceed the declared value and
any partial loss or damage shall
be
adjusted pro rata on the basis of such declared value.
In the event Merchant
declines to procure insurance,
Carrier shall not be responsible for the value of the goods damaged and
Merchant shall recover only $500.00 per container.
E. RUST, ETC:
It is agreed that superficial rust, oxidation or any like condition due to
moisture is not a condition
of
damage but is inherent to the nature of the Goods and acknowledgement of
receipt of the Goods in apparent
good
order and condition is not a representation that such conditions of rust,
oxidation or the like did not exist on receipt.
F. NOTICE OF LOSS OR DAMAGE:
The Carrier shall be deemed prima facie to have delivered the Goods as
described
in
this Bill of Lading unless notice of loss or damage to the Goods indicating
the general nature of such loss or damage
shall
have been given in writing to the Carrier or to his representative at the
place of delivery before or at the time of
removal
of the Goods into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof
under this Bill of Lading or, if the loss
or
damage is not apparent within three consecutive days thereafter.
5. REFRIGERATED CARGO:
Goods of a perishable nature shall be carried in ordinary containers without
special protection,
services
or other measures unless there is noted on the reverse side of this Bill of
Lading that the goods will be
carried
in a refrigerated, heated, electrically ventilated or otherwise specially
equipped container or are to receive
special
attention in any way. Carrier shall not be liable for any loss of or damage
to Goods in a special hold
or
container arising from latent defects, derangement, breakdown, or stoppage
of the refrigeration ventilation or
heating
machinery, insulation, ship's plant, or other such apparatus of the vessel
or Container, provided that
Carrier shall before or at the beginning of the Carriage exercise due
diligence to maintain the special hold or
Container
in an efficient state.
Merchant undertakes not to tender for transportation any goods which require
temperature
control without previously giving written notice of their nature and the
required temperature setting
of
the thermostatic controls before receipt of the goods by Carrier. In the
case of a temperature controlled
Container stuffed by or on behalf of the Merchant, Merchant further
undertakes that the Container has been
properly
pre-cooled, that the Goods have been properly stuffed in the Container, and
that its thermostatic controls
have
been properly set by the Merchant before receipt of the Goods by the
Carrier. Merchant's attention is drawn
to
the fact that refrigerated containers are not designed to freeze down cargo
which has not been presented for
packing
at or below its designated carrying temperature. Carrier shall not be
responsible for the consequences of cargo
tendered
at a higher temperature than that required for the transportation. If the
above requirements are not complied with,
Carrier shall not be liable for any loss of or damage to the goods
whatsoever. .
6. CARGO STOWED IN CONTAINERS BY MERCHANTS:
The Carrier shall not be responsible for the safe
and
proper stowing of cargo in containers if such containers are loaded with
cargo by Merchant, consolidator
or
inland carrier, and no responsibility shall attach to the Carrier for any
loss or damage caused to contents by
shifting,
overloading or improper packing of the container. Containers loaded by the
Merchant or their
agent
shall be properly sealed and the seal identification reference, as well as
the container reference, shall be shown
herein.
The merchant, consolidator or inland carrier shall inspect containers before
loading them and loading of the
containers
shall be prima facie evidence that the containers were sound and suitable
for use. Carrier has the right but
not
the obligation to open and inspect the containers at any time without notice
to Merchant, and expenses resulting
from
such inspections shall be borne by Merchant. Merchant warrants that the
stowage and seals of the
containers
are safe and proper and suitable for handling and carriage and indemnifies
Carrier for any injury, loss
or
damage caused by breach of this warranty. The Carrier will not be liable in
any event for the particulars furnished
by
the Merchant as shown on the face of this Bill of Lading. This Bill of
Lading is a receipt only for the number of
containers,
packages or pieces as shown on the face of this Bill of Lading. The Carrier
has counted only the number
of
containers (If container received already loaded) or the number of packages
or pieces (if the Carrier has loaded the container)
and
under no circumstances shall the Bill of Lading be prima facie evidence of
the marks, quantity, weight, description
, measurement and other particulars furnished by the Merchant.
Delivery shall be deemed as full and complete
performance
when the containers are delivered by Carrier with the seals intact.
The Merchant shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Carrier against
any loss, damage, claim, liability, or expense
whatsoever
arising from one or more of the following matters: loss or damage caused by
the manner in which the
Container has been stuffed; loss or damage caused by the unsuitability of
the Goods for Carriage in Containers;
loss
or damage caused by the unsuitability or defective conditions of the
Container, provided that where the Container
has
been supplied by or on behalf of the Carrier, this paragraph shall only
apply if the unsuitability or defective condition
would
have been apparent upon reasonable inspection by the Merchant at or prior to
the time when the Container was
stuffed;
and loss or damage if the Container is not sealed at the commencement of the
Carriage except where the Carrier has
agreed
to seal the Container.
7. OPTIONS OF THE CARRIER:
A. Subcontracting:
The Carrier shall be entitled to subcontract on any terms the whole or any
part of the handling, storage
or
carriage of the Goods and any and all duties whatsoever undertaken by the
Carrier in relation to the Goods. The Merchant
shall
defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Carrier against any claims, which
may be made upon the Carrier by any servant,
agent
or subcontractor of the Carrier in relation to the claim against any such
person made by the Merchant. The provisions
of
COGSA or its applicable foreign equivalent at point of origin or destination
shall apply by agreement of the parties
to
all agents, contractors, and subcontractors, including but not limited to,
draymen, truckers, and stevedores, prior to
the
loading of and after the unloading of the cargo. Without prejudice to the
foregoing, every such servant, agent and
subcontractor
shall be entitled to the same rights, exceptions, exemptions, defenses,
immunities, limitations of liability, privileges
and
conditions granted or provided by this Bill of Lading, tariff or statute,
including but not limited to the provisions of COGSA
or
its applicable foreign equivalent, to which Carrier is entitled and for the
benefit of the Carrier as if such provisions were
expressly
for their benefit, and in entering into this contract the Carrier, to the
extent of these provisions, does so not only
on
his Own behalf but also as agent and trustee for such servants, agents and
subcontractors. The above shall also apply
to
and for the benefit of the officers and employees of the Carrier and the
agents, officers and crew of the vessel and to
and
for the benefit of all parties performing services in connection with the
Goods as agents or contractors of the Carrier
(including,
without limitation, stevedores, terminal operators, and agents) and the
employees of each of them. By entering into
this
contract, the Carrier, to the extent of these provisions, does so not only
on his own behalf, but also as agent or trustee
for
such Persons and vessels, and such Persons and vessels shall to this extent
be deemed parties to this contract.
B. Route and Tran-shipment:
The Carrier may at anytime and without notice to the Merchant, use any means
of transport
or
storage in any reasonable manner and by any reasonable means, methods and
routes, including but not limited to, inland
carriage
by truck, rail and/or air; load or carry the Goods on any vessel, whether
named on the front hereof or not; transfer
the
Goods from one conveyance to another, including transshipping or carrying
the same on another vessel than that named
on
the front hereof or by any other means of transport whatsoever; at any place
unpack and remove Goods which have
been
stuffed in or on a Container and forward the same in any manner whatsoever;
proceed at any speed and by any route in
Carrier’s discretion (whether or not the nearest, direct, customary,
advertised, or published route) and proceed to or stay at
any
place whatsoever once or more often and in any order; load or unload the
Goods from any conveyance at any place
(whether
or not the place is a port named on the front hereof as the intended Port of
Loading or intended Port of Discharge);
comply
with any orders or recommendations given by any government, authority, or
any Person or body acting or purporting
to
act as or on behalf of such government or authority, or having under the
terms of the insurance on the conveyance employed
by
the Carrier, the right to give orders or directions; permit the vessel to
proceed with or without pilots, save or attempt to
save
life or property, adjust navigational instruments, make trial trips, go to
repair yards, shift berths, take in fuel or stores
, embark or disembark any persons to tow or be towed, or to be dry-docked;
permit the vessel to carry livestock, Goods of all kinds,
dangerous
or otherwise, contraband, explosives, munitions or warlike stores, and sail
armed or unarmed. These liberties may
be
invoked by the Carrier (without notice to the Merchant), either with or
without the goods on board, for any purposes
whatsoever,
whether or not connected with the Carriage of the Goods. Any act involving
delays resulting from such
activities
shall not be deemed a deviation of whatsoever nature or degree.
C. Conditions affecting Performance:
(1)
Carrier shall use reasonable endeavors to complete transport and to
deliver the goods at the place designated for delivery.
If
at any time the performance of this contract as evidenced by this Bill of
Lading in the opinion of Carrier is or will be
affected
by any hindrance, risk, delay, injury, difficulty or disadvantage of any
kind including strike and if by virtue of the above
it
has rendered or is likely to render it in any way unsafe, impracticable,
unlawful, or against the interest of Carrier to complete
the
performance of the contract, Carrier, whether or not the transport is
commenced, may without notice to Merchant elect to:
i.
treat the performance of this contract as terminated, abandon the Carriage
of the Goods and place the goods,
or
any part of them, at Merchant's disposal at any place which the Carrier
shall deem safe and convenient, whereupon the responsibility
of
the Carrier in respect of such Goods shall cease; or
ii.
continue the Carriage and deliver the
goods at the place of delivery. In any event, Carrier shall be entitled to
full
freight for any goods received for transportation and additional
compensation for extra costs resulting from the circumstances referred to
above.
(2)
If, after storage, discharge, or any actions taken above, Carrier
makes arrangements to store and/or forward the goods, it is agreed that he
shall
do
so only as agent for and at the sole risk and expense of Merchant without
any liability whatsoever in respect of such agency.
Merchant shall reimburse Carrier forthwith upon demand for all extra freight
charges and expenses incurred for any actions taken
according
to sub-part 7C(1), including delay or expense to
the Ship, and Carrier shall have a lien upon the goods to that extent.
(3)
The situations referred to in sub-part
7C(1) above shall include, but shall not be
limited to, those caused by the existence
or
apprehension of war declared or undeclared, hostilities, riots, civil
commotions, or other disturbances, closure of, obstacle in,
or
danger to any port or canal, blockade, prohibition, or restriction on
commerce or trading quarantine, sanitary, or other similar
regulations
or restrictions, strikes, lockouts or other labor troubles whether partial
or general and whether or not involving
employees